Amsterdam 
                - GVB 
              Crime prevention measures 
                  
                To deal with these public safety problems, the Metro Company of 
                Amsterdam has decided to turn the tables and initiate crime prevention 
                programs. These initiatives have already resulted in positive 
                changes in the feelings of (un)safety among both passengers and 
                metro personnel. When compared with the feelings of safety for 
                the previous year, more metro passengers felt safer (35%) than 
                less safe (21%) in 1994. Among the personnel, 17% felt safer and 
                none of the respondents felt less safe. Most of the crime prevention 
                measures taken since 1993 are directed towards the smartening 
                up of the metro stations and expansion of the amount of formal 
                control. All stations and trains are made and kept graffiti-free. 
                Right now, plans are being developed to change the open accessibility 
                of the system by introducing automated fare collection gates in 
                combination with increased ticket inspections. This is to repel 
                the level of fare evasion and discourage the presence of loitering 
                junkies, vagrants, and drunks within the system. The new construction 
                of the North-South Line will be based on the principles and guidelines 
                presented in this book. 
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            Source: López, M.J.J., Crime Prevention 
                Guidelines for the Construction & Management of Metro Systems, 
                Den Haag: RCM-advies 1996, pg. 30-32. 
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